Further development of these surrogates is warranted by these results, as well as the development of mechanisms for surrogate display. The viewing compaction rates used in these surrogates supported adequate performance, but users expressed a desire for more control over surrogate speed and sequencing. They identified several real-world tasks for which they regularly use video collections. The participants expressed their understanding of video gist as composed of three components: topicality, the story of the video, and the visual gist of the video. No surrogate was universally judged “best,” but the fast forward surrogate garnered the most support, particularly from experienced video users.
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In addition, they performed a series of tasks (gist determination, object recognition, action recognition, and visual gist determination) with three surrogates selected from those available. Ten participants, all of whom watch videos at least monthly and search for videos at least occasionally, viewed the surrogates for seven video segments and provided comments about the strengths and weaknesses of each. The surrogates (storyboards with text or audio keywords, slide shows with text or audio keywords, fast forward) were created for each of seven video segments. In this study, five video surrogates were evaluated in relation to their usefulness and usability in accomplishing specific tasks. However, it seems likely that nontextual surrogates for multimedia objects, e.g., videos, could effectively augment textual representations of those objects. In a digital environment, it is feasible to integrate multimedia materials into a library collection with ease.
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